E
- Ebola : A contagious viral disease originating in Africa. It is transmitted by blood and body fluids and causes body organs and vessels to leak blood, usually resulting in death.
- Edict of Milan : (313 CE) Proclamation by the Roman Emperor Constantine outlawing the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.
- Eightfold Path : Code of behavior for followers of Buddhism.
- Einstein, Albert : (1879-1955) American scientist best known for his theory of relativity.
- Elizabeth I : (1533-1603) Queen of England and Ireland between 1558 and 1603. She was an absolute monarch and is considered to be one of the most successful rulers of all time.
- emperor : Political ruler of a country of nation. Similar to a king.
- empire : 1. A collection of nations or peoples ruled by a single authority, usually a monarch, but can be other systems of government as well. 2. A very large and powerful industrial organization
- encomienda system : A system of production in Spain’s New World possessions which granted permission to conquistadors to enslave as many people needed to work a plantation.
- Engels, Friedrich : (1820-1895) German socialist and co-author of The Communist Manifesto.
- engineer : A person who plans and creates mechanic structures for a variety of uses.
- English Bill of Rights : (1689) A Bill of Rights written after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 which placed William and Mary on the throne of England. The bill created a limited monarchy and established Parliament as the ruling body of the nation.
- enlightened despots : A monarch who retains absolute control of their country while also enacting reform based on Enlightenment ideas.
- Enlightenment : A movement in the 18th century that stressed the importance of reason and science in philosophy and the study of human society. Occurred in Western Europe.
- environment : Everything in nature including people, plants, and animals that affects development in life.
- escalate : To increase.
- Estates : Class system in France before the French Revolution. There were three Estates, First Estate was Clergy, Second was Nobility, and Third was peasants, merchants, and townspeople.
- Estates General : The legislative body of France. Composed of representatives from the three estates which are Clergy in the First Estate, Nobles in the Second Estate, and peasants in the Third Estate. Each Estate is entitled to one vote on legislative matters. The Estates General was never as strong as the British Parliament of the American Congress.
- ethnocentric : A belief in the superiority of a certain ethnic group or race.
- European Community/European Union : Economic union between countries in Europe for mutual gain. Originally formed in 1951 as the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), it later became the European Community in 1967, then the European Union in 1991.
- evolution : The gradual change or development of something.
- excommunicate : To exclude a Christian from receiving the Sacraments.
- executive : relating to a system that enforces laws.
- export : The sending of goods to another country for sale or trade.
- extermination : The complete destruction of a group of people.
- extinction : The death of all members of a species.
- extraterritoriality : A policy that guaranteed European citizens in China were only subject to the laws of their own nation and could only be tried by their own courts.
